What CSS properties are most effective for adding padding to an Nginx 502 error page?

The CSS properties `padding-top`, `padding-bottom`, `padding-left`, and `padding-right` are most effective for adding padding to an Nginx 502 error page. You can also use `padding` as a shorthand property to set all four padding values at once (e.g., `padding: 20px;`). Consider using `margin` as well to add spacing around the entire error page.