How can I diagnose a printer error state if there's no specific error message displayed on the printer or computer?

If there's no specific message, start by performing basic checks: ensure all cables are securely connected, the printer has power, and there are no paper jams or low ink/toner warnings. Next, check the printer's status in your operating system's Devices and Printers (Windows) or System Settings (macOS) section. Try printing a test page directly from the printer's control panel. If it prints, the issue might be with your computer's connection or drivers, rather than the printer hardware itself.