What is the central conflict driving the Marvel Civil War storyline?

The central conflict of Marvel's Civil War is the Superhuman Registration Act (SRA). Following a catastrophic incident involving teenage superheroes that resulted in numerous civilian casualties, the government mandates that all individuals with superpowers must register with the authorities and operate under government supervision. This divides the superhero community, with Captain America opposing the act on grounds of freedom and Iron Man supporting it for public safety.