What are the economic and societal impacts of large-scale DDoS attacks orchestrated by botnets like Meris?

Large-scale DDoS attacks by botnets like Meris can have significant economic and societal impacts. Economically, they can cause substantial financial losses for businesses through service downtime, lost revenue, and the cost of mitigation. Societally, they can disrupt essential services, impact critical infrastructure, and erode trust in the reliability of online communication and e-commerce.