How can a web application be protected against DDoS attacks launched using shared botnet tools in 2023?

Several strategies can protect web applications: 1) **Rate Limiting:** Restricting requests from a single IP address. 2) **Web Application Firewalls (WAFs):** Filtering malicious traffic. 3) **Content Delivery Networks (CDNs):** Distributing traffic across multiple servers. 4) **DDoS Mitigation Services:** Specialized services that absorb and filter attack traffic (e.g., Cloudflare, Akamai). 5) **Anycast Networking:** Routing traffic to the nearest available server. 6) **Regular Security Audits:** Identifying and patching vulnerabilities.